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Pvt. Randall Edelen
125th Regiment U.S. Colored Infantry
Born 1821, Washington County, Kentucky
Died April 29,1888,
Washington County, Kentucky
My 3rd Great-Grandfather on my mother’s side, Randall Edelen, was born in 1821 in Washington County, KY. He married Mary Edelen (Crouse) in 1842, and they had seven children (John, Susan, William, Sallie, Daniel, Scott, and Silas) together.
He enlisted in the Union Army at age 44 on April 12, 1865 “without consent” of his owner, Jane Edelen, a month after an act of congress guaranteed the emancipation of the families of all slaves who enlisted. He also had the additional incentive of earning a $100 bounty and $300 total at the completion of three-years of service for volunteering.
Though stricken with sickness and injury numerous times during his service, he completed his full tour of duty. He served as a private in Company G of the 125th Colored Infantry and after several illnesses, including cholera and acute dysentery, was assigned daily duty as a cook until being mustered out on October 31, 1867.
He and Mary had an additional child, Addie, in 1870, and when not too infirmed, he worked as a blacksmith and was listed in the 1870 and 1880 Census as such.
According to his very extensive pension files, he suffered from significant health complications during the last years of his life that included a back injury suffered attempting to move a box of blacksmith tools that may have fallen into a swollen Rio Grande River while serving in the USCT in Fort Bliss, Texas. His files indicate that he was also diagnosed with piles, prolapsus ani, cystitis, lymphoma, cholera, dysentery, acute rheumatism, and eventually died on April 29, 1888, from Uremic Poisoning, which is a consequence of kidney failure.
Author’s Note
The Edelen family’s challenges that were documented in 90 pages of pension files, military service records, census records, and Freedman’s bank notes, were simultaneously uplifting and heartbreaking to read. The most moving part was getting to see Mary Edelen, my 3rd Great-great grandmother’s mark on multiple documents and most powerfully on the affidavit where two of her own children serve as witnesses. Seeing the X in place of her signature made the X, from a legal name change in my own name, even more significant. It was as if my ancestors had been speaking to me from across time.
The poems “Check Out Time,” “Affi-davits,” and “Mother May I” are persona poems in the voices of Mary and Randall Edelen, and they were inspired by these documents. Discovering that Randall Edelen “enlisted without consent” was a reminder of the degree to which enslaved peoples resisted bondage and a point of pride to imagine all the subtle and outright ways my ancestors insisted on their own freedom. The poems “Grove” and “Coming of Jubilee” are ekphrastic poems inspired by the Camp Nelson photo that appears as the cover photo on the Kentucky U.S. Colored Troops Project web page.
Frank X Walker
Grove
Photo of Troops outside the Colored Soldiers
Barracks, Camp Nelson
The first time
we really see each other
and not be able to tell
who master the cruelest
who sorrow the deepest
who row been the hardest to hoe
we was lined up like trees in the yard
all standing with chins up,
chests out, shoulders back,
and already hollow stomachs, in.
Not slaves, not nobody’s property
—just solid, oak-like men.
The only thing taller or straighter
than us, be the boards
holding up the barracks at our backs.
Though most our feets feel pigeon-toed
and powerful sore
from marching back and forth, everyday
for what seem like more miles
than we walked to get here,
it take more than pride to stand still
‘neath these lil’ hats not made for shade.
Soldiering ain’t easy, but it sure beat
the bloody shirt off bondage.
Affi-Davits
Mary Edelen
Them make me scratch out
a X in ink with two witnesses
on afta-Davids
to prove we was man and wife.
I fetched afta-Davids
from every doctor still living
that examined
my husband’s piles
and old man’s bladder,
witnessed his pain,
and still doubted his suffering
while he rot from the inside out.
Them even bade me make my mark
afta-David with more witnesses
to prove my Randall dead and gone.
They made me X the page
with witnesses so many times
on so many gov’ment pension papers
that though I can not read
or write a lick,
I come to recognize
my own name when I see it
crawling ‘cross the page.
They fancy M on Mary look like
a woman keep changing her mind.
And the E them put on Edelen
a tired old bitty in a bonnet
who done set herself down an quit.
Them first think my mark look like
a tired ol’ cross,
but after a while they come to see
the long sharp knife
like my Randall’s old scabbard
from de war.
Check Out Time
Randall Edelen
It was good money
if you lived to collect it.
I was luckier than most.
It took a strained back
to slow me down enough
to catch one a them fevers
that travel through camps
with bad water
and not enough places to shit.
More of us catched the runs
an died
than fell in battle from rebel bullets.
When I had the cholera
they mark me present,
but sick.
When I catched the bloody flux
they mark me present,
but sick.
Some how I survive,
but is this really what them mean
when they say
the price a freedom is death?
Mother May I?
Randall Edelen
It took almost four years
and a whole lot a dead, white bodies
to figure out they needed Kentucky
to win the war.
In March of ‘65 the gov’ment said joining
the union army
guaranteed freedom for each new soldier
and our families too.
In April, I found my way to Lebanon
an made my mark for my Mary
and our John, Susan, William, Sallie,
Daniel, Scott, and Silas.
I’m sure Miss Jane felt like
she been robbed
losing ten slaves all at once
with the power of my X.
I know she had some unkind words
for good ol’ Lincoln and Gov Bramlette
who had only offered her $300
for what them called com-pen-sated
eman-ci-pation.
I knew she’d be fit to be tied so,
I didn’t ask.
I enlisted without consent.
Coming of Jubilee
It might look like we standing
on solid ground,
but we got all our feets on faith,
not in a country or a president,
but in the belief
that waiting on the other side
of whatever the Lord see fit
to put in front a us
be a chance to be free.
We ain’t running away
to find freedom for our families,
but marching toward it
—with guns in our hands.
Pen Man Ship
Mary Edelen
i woulda knowed
who longhand was who
even if I didn’t see ‘em
scratch out they names
‘cross from mine
on the paper
to swear my X is mine.
my William, be proud
like his daddy
he dress his letters as pretty
as he address his self
his ink ease off the quill
just as confident and smooth
as words off his tongue,
but my Scott and his letters
seem to take the long way
‘round,
make big slow loops,
and care not if they back
stand up straight or not.
my Will glides ‘cross them lines
like they pretty hardwood floors
while my Scott,
more accustom to dirt,
seem half ‘fraid to touch ‘em.
Frank X Walker
The first African American writer to be named Kentucky Poet Laureate, Frank X Walker is Professor of English and African American and Africana Studies and Director of the MFA in Creative Writing program at the University of Kentucky in Lexington where he founded pluck! The Journal of Affrilachian Arts & Culture. He has published eleven collections of poetry, including his latest, Masked Man, Black: Pandemic & Protest Poems, Turn Me Loose: The Unghosting of Medgar Evers, which was awarded an NAACP Image Award for Poetry and the Black Caucus American Library Association Honor Award for Poetry. He is also the author of Last Will, Last Testament, winner of the Judy Gaines Young Book Award, Buffalo Dance: The Journey of York, winner of a Lillian Smith Book Award, and Isaac Murphy: I Dedicate This Ride, which he adapted for stage. Voted one of the most creative professors in the south, Walker, a Danville native, coined the term “Affrilachia” and co-founded the Affrilachian Poets. A Cave Canem fellow, his honors also include a Lannan Literary Fellowship for Poetry.
More information can be found at frankxwalker.com
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You can help us improve the Kentucky U.S. Colored Troops website by taking a very short survey.